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CBAM for Aluminium Imports

Aluminium carries some of the highest CBAM costs per tonne due to its electricity-intensive smelting process. Understand your exposure — and how green aluminium can dramatically reduce it.

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11.5tCO₂e / tonne (default)
CN 7601–7616HS codes in scope
~2%of global CO₂ emissions

Emission intensity by production source

The CBAM cost for aluminium varies enormously depending on the electricity source of the smelter:

Coal grid (CN, IN)
~14–18 t
Gas grid (MX, EG)
~8–11 t
EU default
~11.5 t
Mixed/hydro grid
~3–5 t
100% renewable
~1.5–2 t

Values in tCO₂e per tonne of primary aluminium. Actual values require verified emission declarations.

Products in scope

CN CodeProduct
7601Unwrought aluminium (primary & secondary)
7603Aluminium powders and flakes
7604Bars, rods and profiles
7605Aluminium wire
7606Plates, sheets and strip (≥0.2 mm)
7607Foil (≤0.2 mm)
7608Tubes and pipes
7609–7616Fittings, structures, reservoirs, fasteners

Key CBAM rules for aluminium

Indirect emissions are the dominant cost driver

Unlike most sectors, aluminium CBAM costs are driven primarily by indirect electricity emissions (typically 80–90% of total). This makes the smelter's electricity source the most important factor in your CBAM liability.

Green aluminium can slash your CBAM bill

Aluminium smelted with certified renewable electricity can have total emissions below 2 tCO₂/t — versus 14+ tCO₂/t for coal-powered smelters. Sourcing with verified emission declarations is a powerful cost management tool.

Secondary (recycled) aluminium

Recycled aluminium uses approximately 95% less energy than primary production. If your supplier uses predominantly recycled scrap, the embedded emissions will be far below the primary aluminium default. Scrap-content documentation supports a lower CBAM factor.

Frequently asked questions

Why does aluminium have such high CBAM emissions?

Primary aluminium smelting via the Hall-Héroult process consumes ~14,000–15,000 kWh per tonne. On a coal-heavy grid, this produces 10–14 tCO₂/t of indirect emissions alone. Adding direct process emissions (PFC gases from anode effects) brings totals to 12–18 tCO₂/t for coal-powered smelters.

What is the default CBAM emission factor for aluminium?

The EU Commission default for primary unwrought aluminium is approximately 11.5 tCO₂e/t, based on global average grid intensity. Producers using low-carbon electricity can provide verified actuals to use lower values.

Are aluminium semi-fabricated products (sheets, foil) in scope?

Yes. Plates, sheets, strip (CN 7606), foil (CN 7607), and extruded profiles (CN 7604) are all in CBAM scope. The embedded emissions of the upstream primary aluminium must be included.

Can green or low-carbon aluminium reduce my CBAM cost?

Significantly, yes. Verified low-carbon aluminium (e.g. from Icelandic hydro smelters or Norwegian producers) can have emissions below 2 tCO₂/t — reducing your CBAM certificate cost by up to 80–85% compared to the default. This creates a strong commercial incentive to source from green producers.

Estimate your aluminium CBAM cost now

Model default vs. green aluminium costs and see the difference in your CBAM liability.

Open Aluminium CBAM Calculator

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